Table 3 Unadjusted postoperative outcomes: all spinal anesthesia groups

0-Day LOS

96 (23.9)a

8 (23.5)a

141 (60.8)b

<0.001

55 (11.0)a

4 (14.3)a

138 (52.7)b

<0.001

LOS Days

0.92 ± 0.79a

1.12 ± 1.00a

0.43 ± 0.59b

<0.001

1.09 ± 0.91a

1.00 ± 0.61a

0.51 ± 0.59b

<0.001

Failed SDD Attempt

22 (5.5)a

4 (11.8)a

14 (6.0)a

0.334

17 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

0.449

Ambulated POD0

282 (70.3)a

19 (55.9)a

196 (84.5)b

<0.001

328 (65.3)a

17 (60.7)a

225 (85.9)b

<0.001

First 6-Clicks Mobility Score^a

20.48 ± 2.75a

18.82 ± 2.92b

20.43 ± 2.51a

0.003

20.13 ± 2.75a

20.5 ± 2.5a

19.98 ± 2.50a

0.607

First PT Ambulation Distance (ft)^b

151.52 ± 97.51a

142.55 ± 114.21a,b

184.30 ± 84.84b

<0.001

134.57 ± 98.89a

111.67 ± 77.44a

165.24 ± 101.79b

<0.001

Urinary Retention

5 (1.2)a

2 (5.9)b

3 (1.3)a,b

0.097

6 (1.2)a

0 (0.0)a

2 (0.8)a

0.734

Home Discharge

389 (97.0)a

31 (91.2)a

232 (100.0)b

0.001

486 (96.8)a

27 (96.4)a,b

260 (99.2)b

0.106

30-Day Readmission

8 (2.0)a

0 (0.0)a

4 (1.7)a

0.699

30 (6.0)a

0 (0.0)a,b

4 (1.5)b

0.008

30-Day ED Return

15 (3.7)a

0 (0.0)a

5 (2.2)a

0.305

15 (3.0)a

0 (0.0)a

9 (3.4)a

0.599