Table 4 Patch test composition and timing of testing for each study

Atanaskova Mesinkovska et al. [24]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Nickel Sulphate 2.5%, 4,4-Diaminodiphenylmethane 0.5%, Aluminum Chloride, Ammonium Tetrachloroplatinate 0.25%, Ammonium Vanadate 1%, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 1%, Bacitracin 20%, Benzoyl Peroxide 1%, Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.5%, Cobalt (II) Chloride Hexahydrate 1%, Colophony 20%, Copper Sulphate 2%, Ferrous Chloride 2%, Ferrous Sulphate 5%, Formaldehyde 1%, Gentamicin Sulfate 20%, Gold Sodium Thiosulphate 0.5%, Hydroquinone 1%, Indium (III) Chloride 1%, Iridium 1%, Iridium (III) Chloride 1%, Manganese Chloride 2%, Methyl Methacrylate 2%, N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine 2%, Neomycin Sulphate 20%, Palladium Chloride 2%, Polyethylene disc, Potassium Dichromate 0.25%, Tantal 1%, Thimerosal 0.1%, Tin (II) Chloride 0.5%, Titanium Dioxide 10%, Titanium disc, Titanium (IV) Oxide 0.1%, Titanium powder 1%, Tobramycin 20%, Vanadium 5%, Vancomycin 0.005%, Zirconium (IV) Oxide 0.1%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (median follow-up 21 months, range 1–232)

Carlsson and Möller [25]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%

Postoperatively (mean follow-up 6.3 years, range 1–16)

Carossino et al. [28]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Chromium III 2%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (after at least 6 months)

Desai et al. [29]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Cobalt Sulphate 5%, Potassium Bichromate 0.1%

Postoperatively (after at least 3 months)

Frigerio et al. [30]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Copper Sulphate 2%, Molybdenum 5%, Palladium 2%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Silver Nitrate 1%, Tin 50%, Titanium 10%, Vanadium 5%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (after 1 year)

Granchi et al. [7]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Aluminium Chloride 1%, Chromium Trichloride 2%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Ferric Chloride 2%, Manganese Chloride 2%, Molybdenum Chloride 2%, Niobium Chloride 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Titanium Dioxide 2%, Vanadium Trichloride 2%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (Stable TKA: median follow-up 18 months, range 9.6–120; loosened TKA: median follow-up 24 months, range 4.8–132)

Guenther et al. [31]

NR

Postoperatively (mean follow-up 2 years)

Innocenti et al. [32]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Chromium III, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Vaseline

Preoperatively

Kitagawa et al. [26]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Aluminium Chloride 2%, Chromium Trichloride 2%, Cobalt Chloride 2%, Molybdenum Chloride 5%, Titanium Dioxide 10%, Vanadium Trichoride 5%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (after 6 months)

Kręcisz et al. [27]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Aluminium 100%, Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate 1%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Copper Sulphate 2%, Molybdenum 5%, Palladium Chloride 2%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Vanadium 5%, Vanadium Chloride 1%, Titanium Oxide 10%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (after 24 months)

Lützner et al. [42]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Molybdenum(V) Chloride 0.5%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (after 1 year)

Sasseville et al. [33]

Nickel Sulphate 2.5%, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate 1%, Ethyl Acrylate 0.1%, Methyl Methacrylate 2%, Neomycin 20%, Potassium Dichromate 0.25%

Postoperatively (mean follow-up 29.1 months, SD 20.1)

Tam et al. [34]

North American baseline series of 50 allergens and custom series (e.g. metal series, dental series, bone cement series) based on clinical history

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Nickel Sulphate 2.5%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Gold Sodium Thiosulfate 0.5/2%, Iridium Chloride 10%, Manganese Chloride 2%, Mercuric Chloride 0.1%, Mercury 0.5%, Mercury Ammonium Chloride 1%, Palladium Chloride 2%, Potassium Dichromate 0.25%, Potassium Dicyanoaurate 0.1%, Stannous Chloride 1%, Vanadium 5%, Zinc Chloride 2%

Preoperatively

Postoperatively (time frame NR)

Thomas et al. [35]

Standard series with 30 allergens (includes Nickel, Chromium, Cobalt), metal allergen series, and bone cement series

Postoperatively (time frame NR)

Thomas et al. [36]

Baseline series with 29 allergens (includes Nickel Sulphate 5%), routine supplemental series, and bone cement component series

Postoperatively (time frame NR)

Thomas et al. [37]

Standard series (includes Nickel, Chromium, Cobalt), additional series adapted to exposure history, and bone cement series

Postoperatively (time frame NR)

Treudler and Simon [38]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, benzoyl peroxide 1%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Copper Sulphate 1%, Gentamicin 20%, Hydroquinone 1%, Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate 1%, Manganese Chloride 0.5%, Molybdenum Chloride 2%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Titanium Oxide 0.1%, Vanadium Pentoxide 10%

Postoperatively (average follow-up NR, range 6–36 months)

Verma et al. [39]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Cobalt Chloride 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%

Postoperatively (time frame NR)

Webley et al. [40]

Nickel Sulphate 5%, Acrylic Polymer 1%, Acrylic 10%, Cement 1% and 10%, Cobalt Chloride 2%, Iron 2%, Manganese 2%, Molybdenum 1%, Potassium Dichromate 0.5%, Silicon 2%

Postoperatively (mean follow-up 2.7 years, range 1–5 years)

Zeng et al. [41]

Nickel, Cobalt, Chromium, Aluminium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Tin, Titanium, Vanadium, Zirconium

Preoperatively