Table 7 Associations of race/ethnicity and SES with pain/opioid use after THA
From: Risk factors for pain after total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review
First author | Year | Study design | n | Follow-up, yr | Outcome measures | Associations of race/ethnicity and SES with postoperative pain/opioid use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prentice [9] | 2019 | RC | 12,560 | 1 | Opioid usage | Higher opioid use in African Americans, lower opioid use in Asian (compared to white) |
Goodman [10] | 2018 | RC | 4170 | 2 | WOMAC | Worse pain in African Americans |
Lavernia [19] | 2015 | RC | 564 | 3.5 (1–9)a | VAS, WOMAC, SF-36 | Worse pain in African Americans |
Dowsey [22] | 2014 | PC | 835 | 1 | HHS | No association |
Greene [23] | 2014 | RC | 11,464 | 1 | VAS | Worse pain in patients with low education |
Neuburger [31] | 2013 | RC | 59,680 | 0.5 | OHS | Worse pain in low SES |
Krupic [30] | 2013 | RC | 1216 | 1 | VAS | Worse pain in immigrants |
Allen Butler [38] | 2011 | PR | 119 | 2 | VAS, HHS | Worse pain in African Americans, those with low education, and those with low income |
Lavernia [42] | 2011 | RC | 739 | 2 | WOMAC, SF-36 | Worse pain in minority patients, especially African Americans |
Clement [40] | 2011 | PC | 1359 | 1 | OHS | Worse pain in more deprived patients |
Schafer [45] | 2010 | CC | 1113 | 0.5 | WOMAC | Greater odds of poor pain outcome in patients who are single, living alone, on disability |
Fortin [58] | 1999 | PC | 116 | 0.5 | WOMAC | No association with education level |