Outpatient physical therapy bundled payment models are feasible for total hip arthroplasty patients: an evaluation of utilization, cost and outcomes

Table 5 Outcomes by PT utilization quartiles

Outcomes	Quartile 1: ≤ 25th percentile (< 5 total sessions, n = 122)	Quartile 2: 26-50th percentile (5–10 total sessions, n = 122)	Quartile 3: 51-74th percentile (11–15 total sessions, n = 134)	Quartile 4: ≥ 75th percentile (16 + total sessions, n = 123)	P-value
Total number of sessions (0–3 months)	1.89 ± 0.95	8.46 ± 1.97	13.6 ± 1.55	21.62 ± 5.03	< 0.001^b
3 + months in PT	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (1.5)	35 (28.5)	< 0.001^a
# Evaluations (0–3 months)	1.00 ± 0	1.00 ± 0	1.00 ± 0	1.00 ± 0	1^b
# Re-evaluations 0–3 months	0.02 ± 0.13	0.52 ± 0.53	1.14 ± 0.45	2.08 ± 0.94	< 0.001^b
Total number of PT sessions	0.87 ± 0.93	6.93 ± 1.73	11.4 ± 1.58	18. 54 ± 4.49	< 0.001^b
Total PT charge ($)	251.88 ± 76.73	803.62 ± 178.24	1248.59 ± 431.21	1933.95 ± 430.85	< 0.001^b
Evaluation PT charges	181.01 ± 0	181.01 ± 0	181.01 ± 0	181.01 ± 0	1^b
Re-evaluation PT charges	1.86 ± 15.1	71.0 ± 72.6	160.31 ± 57.2	280.57 ± 114.1	< 0.001^b
Days in PT	4.20 ± 6.93	31.5 ± 11.1	51.1 ± 12.7	81.07 ± 25.89	< 0.001^b
Last 90-day LEFS	22.9 ± 11.2 ^c	31.5 ± 23.5 ^d	36.5 ± 22.4 ^e	35.0 ± 21.4 ^f	0.025^b
Days to LEFS	7.56 ± 15.6	14.8 ± 18.8	19.9 ± 20.7	34.7 ± 28.8	< 0.001^b
90-day ED return	7 (5.7)	9 (7.4)	7 (5.2)	2 (1.6)	0.165^a
90-day readmission	10 (8.2)	8 (6.6)	11 (8.2)	5 (4.1)	0.519
90-day return to OR	5 (4.1)	6 (4.9)	8 (5.9)	3 (2.4)	0.548

P-value < 0.05 are in bold; Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%); ^aDenotes Fisher’s Exact Test; ^b Denotes Kruskal Wallis Test; ^c n = 48, ^d n = 51, ^e n = 52, ^f n = 52; PT Physical therapy, LEFS Lower extremity functional score, ED Emergency department, OR Operating room

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