Table 1 Main characteristics of the 17 included systematic reviews
SR | Journal | Characteristic | Arthroplasty type | Total number of studies | Mean follow up | Risk of bias/Quality assessment tool | Strength of evidence assessed? | Outcomes meta-analysed | Meta-analysis statistic | Confidence in results as per AMSTAR-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singh (2011) [1] | J Rheumatol | Tobacco use | THA | 21 | Immediate post-op–8 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | Overall complications, revision, aseptic loosening | RR | Critically low |
Ravi et al. (2012) [19] | Arthritis Rheum | RA | THA, TKA | 40 | Not reported | Yes (arbitrary method) | Yes (arbitrary method) | Revision, infection, hip dislocation, 90-day mortality, venous thromboembolism | OR | Critically low |
Teng et al. (2015) [17] | PLoS One | Tobacco use | THA | 6 | 2 m–13 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | Aseptic loosening, deep infection, all-cause revision, dislocation, LOS | RR | Critically low |
Kunutsor et al. (2016) [2] | PLoS One | Tobacco use, Alcohol excess (among others) | THA/TKA | 66 | 1–17 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | PJI | RR | Critically low |
Dimitriou et al. (2017) [22] | JBJS Rev | HIV | THA/TKA | 21 | Not reported | Not performed | No | Overall complications, PJI, implant survivorship | RR | Critically low |
Kong et al. (2017) [6] | Int Wound J | Tobacco use, Alcohol excess, RA (among others) | THA/TKA | 24 | Not reported | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | PJI | OR | Critically low |
Lee et al. (2017) [20] | Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc | RA | TKA | 13 | Not reported | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | Superficial infection, deep infection, revision for infective and non-infective causes | OR | Critically low |
Bedard et al. (2019) [15] | J Arthroplasy | Tobacco use | THA/TKA | 14 | 30 d-5 y minimum | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | PJI | OR | Critically low |
O’Neill et al. (2019) [21] | Orthop Rev (Pavia) | HIV | THA/TKA | 19 | Not reported | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | Infection, all-cause revision | RR | Critically low |
Wei et al. (2019) [23] | J Orthop Sci | Hepatitis C | THA, TKA, THA/TKA | 10 | Max 117Â months | Downs and Black tool | No | Overall complications, infection, revision, LOS | HR | Critically low |
Bojan et al. (2020) [16] | Arthroplast Today | Tobacco use | THA | 10 | 1 m–5 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | Superficial infection, deep infection, revision due to infection | OR | Critically low |
Kim & Kim 2021 [25] | J Arthroplasy | Depression | TJA, THA, TKA | 9 | Not reported | MINORS | No | 30-day and 90-day re-admission rates | OR | Critically low |
Ren et al. (2021) [7] | BMC Musculoskelet Disord | Tobacco use, Alcohol excess, RA (among others) | THA | 40 | 2.92 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | PJI | RR | Critically low |
Resende et al. (2021) [14] | Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc | Tobacco use, Alcohol excess (among others) | THA/TKA | 37 | 30 d–11.2 y | ROBBINS-I | Yes (GRADE) | PJI | OR | Critically low |
Cheng et al. (2022) [24] | Orthop Traumatol Surg Res | Hepatitis C | THA, TKA, THA/TKA | 15 | Immediate post-op–10 y | Downs and Black tool | No | Overall complications, surgical complications, medical complications, overall infection, PJI, blood transfusion, revision, LOS | OR | Critically low |
He et al. (2022) [18] | Bosn J Basic Med Sci | Tobacco use | TKA | 13 | 2–26 y | Newcastle–Ottawa Scale | No | TKA incidence, overall complications, surgical complications (superficial infection, deep infection, wound dehiscence, revision), medical complications (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, blood transfusion, urinary tract infection, pneumonia) mortality | RR, HR | Low |
Kim et al. (2022) [26] | Hip & Pelvis | Solid organ transplant | THA | 10 |  > 2 y | MINORS | No | Medical complications (cardiac, DVT, PE, AKI, pneumonia), surgical complications (transfusion, dislocation, PJI, aseptic loosening, revision), readmission, 90-day mortality | OR | Critically low |