Table 2 Summary of follow-up time of the 25 articles
Authors | Populations | Time points | PROMs | Gait outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional studies | ||||
 Boekesteijn [29] | TKA (n = 24) | 2 months 15 months | KOOS: continuous improvement | Improved after 2 months |
Bolink [4] | Cruciate-retaining TKA (n = 13); Posterior-stabilized TKA (n = 7) | 12 months | WOMAC/KSS: improved | Improved |
 Christiansen [13] | Unilateral TKA (n = 24) | 5 weeks 26 weeks | / | Reached the normal levels at 26 weeks |
Calliess [22] | Bi-condylar TKA (n = 4) | 12 months | KSS/OKS: improved | Improved |
 Emmerzaal [30] | TKA (n = 21) | 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 12 months | KOOS: did not reach the normal level at 12 months | Reached the normal level at 6 months |
Fransen [27] | Primary TKA (n = 65) | 12 months | OKS: improved | Improved |
Hiyama [16] | Primary unilateral TKA (n = 57) | 1 week | Pain assessment: significantly decreased | No improvement in stride time variability |
Hiyama [15] | Unilateral TKA (n = 27) | 6 months | / | Decreased |
Kluge [17] | Unilateral TKA (n = 24) | 12 months | WOMAC/OKS/KSS/EQ-5D/WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 scores: improved | No significant change |
Lee [28] | Primary unilateral TKA (n = 84) | 1 month | WOMAC/EQ-5D/VAS: improved | Improved |
Rahman [31] | TKA (n = 27) | 2 months 12 months | OKS: improved at 12 months | No significant improvement at 12 months |
Senden [19] | Unilateral TKA (n = 12) | 2 weeks 6 weeks 3 months | WOMAC/KSS/VAS/Pain Disability Index: improved | Improved at 3 months |
Zhang [21] | Unilateral TKA (n = 12) | 6 weeks 6 months | American KSS: significant improvement | No significant change |
Surgical comparison studies | ||||
Amemiya [23] | Bi-cruciate retaining TKA (n = 10); Bi-cruciate stabilized TKA (n = 10) | 6 weeks 3 months | / | Significant difference at 6 weeks; No significant difference at 3 months |
Çankaya [12] | Unilateral TKA (n = 34) | 12 months | / | Significantly difference |
Jolles [25] | Fixed-bearing prostheses TKA (n = 29); Mobile-bearing prostheses TKA (n = 26) | 6 weeks 3 months 6 months 12 months 5 years | WOMAC/KSS/EQ-5D/VAS: significant difference | Age was a major factor in the difference between two prostheses |
Lo [18] | Medial-pivot TKA (18) posterior-stabilized TKA (20) | 12Â months | WOMAC: no significant difference | Significantly difference in anteroposterior sway of the lumbar and head regions |
Tomite [24] | Bi-cruciate stabilized TKA (n = 30); Posterior stabilized TKA (n = 30) | 12 months | New KSS: significant difference | Significantly difference |
Tsuji [26] | Minimally invasive surgery TKA (n = 10); Standard TKA (n = 10) | 1–4 weeks | VAS: no significant difference | Significant difference in cumulative acceleration |
Daily life studies | ||||
Bolam [10] | Unilateral TKA (n = 14) | 2–6 weeks | OKS/EQ-5D/VAS: significant improvement | Improve at 6 weeks |
Brandes [11] | Primary unilateral TKA (n = 53) | 2 months 6 months 12 months | KSS/Short Form-36 Health Survey: improved | No significant improvement after 6 months |
Chapman [33] | Revision TKA (n = 2); Primary TKA (n = 8) | 1–6 weeks | Mental/Physical Component Scores/KOOS/Pain: improved | Significant differences between indoors and outdoors |
Daugaard [14] | Unilateral TKA (n = 40); Bilateral TKA (n = 12) | 5 years | KOOS: improved | No improvement in daily short walking bouts |
Fransen [32] | Unilateral TKA (n = 38) | 3 months | OKS/Modified Gait Efficacy Scale: improved | No significant change |
Storey [20] | Unilateral TKA (n = 28) | / | Activities of Daily Living: no significant difference | No significant difference |