Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics

Age (years)

62

62

BMI (kg/m²)

 BMI < 20

16

1.1%

32

2.2%

0.020

 20 < BMI < 30

543

37.8%

461

31.4%

 < 0.001

 30 < BMI < 40

546

40.0%

570

38.8%

0.508

 BMI > 40

170

11.8%

180

12.2%

0.740

Gender

 Female

809

56%

801

54%

0.279

 Male

628

44%

669

46%

0.279

Race

 American Indian or Alaska Native

4

0.3%

7

0.5%

0.394

 Asian

6

0.4%

27

1.8%

 < 0.001

 Black or African American

695

48.4%

637

43.3%

0.006

 White

554

38.6%

745

50.7%

 < 0.001

 Pacific Islander

1

0.1%

1

0.1%

0.999

 Unknown

8

0.6%

22

1.5%

0.018

 Multiple

31

2.2%

31

2.1%

0.853

Joint

 Hip

719

50.0%

732

49.8%

0.914

 Knee

718

50.0%

738

50.2%

0.914

Alcohol Abuse

451

31.4%

860

58.5%

 < 0.001

Tobacco Users

665

46.3%

714

48.6%

0.215

Substance Abuse

91

6.3%

94

6.4%

0.912

Diabetes mellitus

347

24.1%

298

20.3%

0.014

COPD

30

2.1%

34

2.3%

0.713

CHF

48

3.3%

59

4.0%

0.315

HTN

676

47.0%

603

41.0%

0.001

CKD

77

5.4%

51

3.5%

0.013

ASA Class

 1

36

2.5%

37

2.5%

0.999

 2

814

56.6%

875

59.5%

0.113

 3

577

40.2%

547

37.2%

0.097

 4

10

0.7%

8

0.5%

0.485